| Little Grebe |
common in suitable areas |
| Yellow Bittern |
common in suitable areas |
| Cinnamon Bittern |
a few |
| Black Bittern |
2 seen from train |
| Green Heron |
common |
| Night Heron |
common |
| Chinese Pond Heron |
common |
| Java Pond Heron |
common |
| Cattle Egret |
common |
| Pacific Reef Heron |
common in suitable areas |
| Little Egret |
common |
| Chinese Egret |
Malaysia |
| Yellow-billed Egret |
common |
| Great White Egret |
common |
| Grey Heron |
common |
| Purple Heron |
common in suitable areas |
| Milky Stork |
|
| Painted Stork |
|
| Openbill Stork |
|
| Lesser Adjutant |
2 Kuala Selanagor |
| Lesser Frigatebird |
2000 roosting Pulau Tiomen |
| Christmas Island Frigatebird |
2 Ko Phi Phi |
| Lesser Whistling Duck |
common in suitable areas |
| Wigeon |
|
| Garganey |
|
| Oriental Honey Buzzard |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Hala Bala |
| Black Baza |
82 flew north Kuala Selanagor |
| Black-shouldered Kite |
common |
| Buzzard |
2 in the north |
| Bat Hawk |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala = pair with young in nest + 1 |
| Black Kite |
|
| Brahminy Kite |
common in south |
| White-bellied Sea-Eagle |
fairly common coastaly in Malaysia singles south Thailand |
| Eastern Marsh Harrier |
singles |
| Crested Goshawk |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Sparrowhawk |
|
| Chinese Sparrowhawk |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Japanese Sparrowhawk |
Pulau Tiomen |
| Shrika |
common |
| Hodgeson's Hawk-Eagle |
Doi Chiang Dao & Kaeng Krachan |
| Changeable Hawk-Eagle |
Taman Negara |
| Rufous-bellied Hawk-Eagle |
Taman Negara & Frasier's Hill |
| Blyth's Hawk-Eagle |
Frasier's Hill & Hala Bala |
| Wallace's Hawk-Eagle |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Crested Serpent Eagle |
common |
| Amur Falcon |
58 on 21st April & 94 on 22nd Doi Ang Khang |
| Peregrine |
coastal |
| Black-thighed Falconet |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Bar-backed Partridge |
Frasier's Hill & Kaeng Krachan |
| Malayan Partridge |
Frasier's Hill |
| Scaly-breasted Partridge |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Mountain Bamboo Partridge |
Doi Chiang Dao & Doi Ang Khang |
| Barred Buttonquial |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Red Jungle fowl |
common in suitable areas |
| Crested Fireback |
Taman Negara |
| Mrs Humes Pheasant |
Doi Chiang Dao & Doi Ang Khang |
| Grey Peacock Pheasant |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Malayan Peacock Pheasant |
Taman Negara |
| Great Argus |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Black-tailed Crake |
1 Doi Inthanon |
| Watercock |
Kuala Selanagor |
| White-breasted Waterhen |
common |
| Moorhen |
common |
| Purple Galllinule |
common in suitable areas |
| Coot |
common in suitable areas |
| Masked Finfoot |
Taman Negara |
| Pheasant-tailed Jacana |
|
| Bronze wingJacana |
|
| Black-winged Stilt |
common |
| Oriental Pratincole |
common in the south |
| Little Ringed plover |
|
| Kentish Plover |
|
| Malaysian Plover |
common |
| Lesser Sand Plover |
common |
| Greater Sand Plover |
common |
| Pacific Golden Plover |
common |
| Grey Plover |
a few |
| Red Wattled Lapwing |
common in suitable areas |
| Spoon-billed Sandpiper |
1 Khok Kham |
| Red-necked Stint |
common in suitable areas |
| Long-toed Stint |
common in suitable areas |
| Temmink's Stint |
common in suitable areas |
| Broad-billed Sandpiper |
a few |
| Pin-tailed Snipe |
common |
| Black -tailed Godwit |
common |
| Bar-tailed Godwit |
common |
| Whimbrel |
common |
| Curlew |
common |
| Redshank |
common |
| Greenshank |
common |
| Green Sandpiper |
a few |
| Wood Sandpiper |
common |
| Terek Sandpiper |
common in south |
| Common Sandpiper |
common |
| Lesser-crested Tern |
a few Ko Phi Phi |
| Black-naped Tern |
2 Ko Phi Phi |
| Common Tern |
common |
| Little Tern |
common |
| Pink-necked Green Pigeon |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Orange-breasted Green Pigeon |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Thick-billed Pigeon |
Hala Bala |
| Mountain Imperial Pigeon |
Frasier's Hill |
| Green Imperial Pigeon |
Ko Phi Phi |
| Pied Imperial Pigeon |
Ko Phi Phi |
| Speckled Wood Pigeon |
common |
| Pale-capped Pigeon |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Red Turtle Dove |
common |
| Spotted Dove |
common |
| Emerald Dove |
common |
| Barred Cuckoo Dove |
Frasier's Hill |
| Little Cuckoo Dove |
Frasier's Hill |
| Peaceful Dove |
common |
| Vernal Hanging Parrot |
common in suitable areas |
| Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Large Hawk-Cuckoo |
Frasier's Hill |
| Common Hawk-Cuckoo |
a few |
| Asian Koel |
common in south |
| Black-bellied Malkoha |
Hala Bala |
| Chestnut-bellied Malkoha |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Green-billed Malkoha |
common |
| Raffles's -Malkoha |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Taman Negara |
| Red-billed Malkoha |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Hala Bala |
| Chestnut-breasted Malkoha |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram,Kaeng Krachan & Taman Negara |
| Banded-bay Cuckoo |
Hala Bala |
| Plaintive Cuckoo |
Hala Bala |
| Drongo Cuckoo |
Hala Bala & Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Short-toed Coucal |
? |
| Greater Coucal |
common |
| Lesser Coucal |
common |
| Mountain Scops Owl |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Collared Scops Owl |
common in suitable areas |
| Barred Eagle Owl |
Hala Bala |
| Buffy Fish Owl |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Spotted wood Owl |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Asian Barred Owlet |
common |
| Brown Hawk Owl |
Hala Bala |
| Goulds Frogmouth |
1 calling Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Javan Frogmouth |
1 Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Long-tailed Nightjar |
common |
| Great Eared Nightjar |
Krabi |
| Little Swift |
common |
| Fork-tailed Swift |
common |
| Asain Palm Swift |
a few |
| Glossy Swiftlet |
Frasier's Hill |
| Black-nest Swiftlet |
Taman Negara |
| Edible-nest Swiftlet |
? Narathiwat & Hala Bala |
| Germains Swiftlet |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Silver-rumped Needletail |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Brown-backed Needletail |
Hala Bala |
| Crested Tree Swift |
common |
| Grey-rumped Tree Swift |
Kaeng Krachan & Hala Bala |
| Whiskered Tree Swift |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Red-naped Trogon |
Taman Negara |
| Scarlet-rumped Trogon |
Taman Negara |
| Orange-breastedTrogon |
Kaeng Krachan & Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Red-headed Trogon |
Frasier's Hill & Doi Chiang Dao |
| White-breasted Kingfisher |
common |
| Kingfisher |
common |
| Blue-eared Kingfisher |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Blue-banded Kingfisher |
pair feeding young Hala Bala |
| Rufous-backed Kingfisher |
Taman Negara |
| Collared Kingfisher |
common in suitable areas |
| Black-capped Kingfisher |
common |
| Brown-winged Kingfisher |
Krabi |
| Rufous-collared Kingfisher |
Taman Negara |
| Little Green Bee-eater |
common |
| Blue-tailed Bee-eater |
common in suitable areas |
| Chestnut-headed Bee-eater |
common in suitable areas |
| Blue-throated Bee-eater |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Blue-bearded Bee-eater |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Red-bearded Bee-eater |
Hala Bala |
| Hoopoe |
singles |
| Dollar Bird |
common |
| Roller |
common |
| Oriental Pied Hornbill |
Kaeng Krachan & Taman Negara |
| Black Hornbill |
Taman Negara & 1 Hala Bala |
| Rhinoceros Hornbill |
Frasier's Hill & Hala Bala |
| Great Hornbill |
Hala Bala & Kaeng Krachan |
| Helmeted Hornbill |
1 Frasier's Hill & 6 Hala Bala |
| Bushy-crested Hornbill |
Frasier's Hill & 10 Hala Bala |
| White-crowned Hornbill |
6 Hala Bala |
| Wrinkled Hornbill |
5 Hala Bala |
| Plain-pouched Hornbill |
1 Hala Bala |
| Wreathed Hornbill |
Hala Bala, Kaeng Krachan & Frasier's Hill |
| Fire-tuftedBarbet |
Frasier's Hill |
| Great hill Barbet |
Doi Inthanon |
| Gold whiskered Barbet |
Hala Bala |
| Red-throated Barbet |
Hala Bala |
| Golden-throated Barbet |
Hala Bala |
| Black-browed Barbet |
Frasier's Hill |
| Blue-throated Barbet |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Moustached Barbet |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Blue-eared Barbet |
Frasier's Hill |
| Brown Barbet |
Taman Negara |
| Malaysian Honey guide |
Taman Negara |
| Wryneck |
|
| Speckled Piculet |
Kaeng Krachan |
| White-browed Piculet |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Rufous Piculet |
Frasier's Hill & Doi Chiang Dao |
| Banded Woodpecker |
Taman Negara |
| Lesser Yellownape |
Frasier's Hill |
| GreaterYellownape |
Frasier's Hill & Kaeng Krachan |
| Crimson-winged Woodpecker |
Frasier's Hill |
| Streak-breasted Woodpecker |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Laced Woodpecker |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Grey-headed Woodpecker |
Kaeng Krachan |
| White-bellied Woodpecker |
Taman Negara |
| Rufous Woodpecker |
common in suitable areas |
| Laced Woodpecker |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Maroon Woodpecker |
Frasier's Hill & Hala Bala |
| Bay Woodpecker |
Frasier's Hill |
| Oranged-backed Woodpecker |
Taman Negara |
| Buff-rumped Woodpecker |
Hala Bala |
| Grey & Buff Woodpecker |
Frasier's Hill |
| Sunda Pygmy W'dpecker |
Frasier's Hill |
| Grey-capped Pygmy W'dpecker |
common in suitable areas |
| Banded Pitta |
pair Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Gurney's Pitta |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram 2 - 3 pairs |
| Hooded Pitta |
Taman Negara & Doi Chiang Dao |
| Mangrove Pitta |
Krabi |
| Green Broadbill |
Taman Negara & Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Long-tailed Broadbill |
common in suitable areas |
| Black and Red Broadbill |
Taman Negara |
| Silver-breasted Broadbill |
Hala Bala |
| Banded Broadbill |
Taman Negara & Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Black and Yellow Broadbill |
Taman Negara |
| Dusky Broadbill |
Taman Negara |
| Rufous-winged Bush-Lark |
|
| Australasian Bush-Lark |
NW |
| Sand Martin |
|
| Dusky Crag Martin |
common in suitable areas |
| Swallow |
common |
| Striated Swallow |
Krabi |
| Paddyfield Pipit |
common |
| Long-billed Pipit |
common in suitable areas |
| Olive-backed Pipit |
common |
| Yellow Wagtail |
|
| Citrine Wagtail |
|
| Grey Wagtail |
common |
| White Wagtail |
common |
| Pied Flycatcher-Shrike |
common |
| Large Wood Shrike |
common in suitable areas |
| Common Wood Shrike |
common in suitable areas |
| Large Cuckoo-shrike |
common Frasier's Hill |
| Ashy Minivet |
common in suitable areas |
| Grey-chinned Minivet |
Frasier's Hill |
| Long-tailed Minivet |
common in suitable areas |
| Fiery Minivet |
Hala Bala |
| Common Iora |
common in suitable areas |
| Green Iora |
Frasier's Hill |
| Greater Green Leafbird |
Frasier's Hill |
| Golden-fronted Leafbird |
|
| Blue-winged Leafbird |
common |
| Orange-bellied Leafbird |
|
| Crested Finchbill |
Doi Ang Khang |
| Straited Bulbul |
Doi Ang Khang |
| Black Crested Bulbul |
common |
| Black-headed Bulbul |
common |
| Scaly-breasted Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill & Hala Bala |
| Grey-bellied Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill & Hala Bala |
| Red-whiskered Bulbul |
common |
| Brown-breasted Bulbul |
Doi Ang Khang |
| Sooted-headed Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Puff-backed Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Stripe-throated Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Flavesent Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan & Doi Ang Khang |
| Yellow-vented Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill |
| Olive-winged Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Cream-vented Bulbul |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Red-eyed Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Specktacled Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Straw-headed Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Puff-throated Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Ochraceous Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Grey-cheeked Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Yellow-bellied Bulbul |
Taman Negara |
| Hairy-backed Bulbul |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Taman Negara |
| Olive Bulbul |
Doi Inthanon |
| Grey-eyed Bulbul |
Hala Bala |
| Buff-vented Bulbul |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Mountain Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill & Doi Inthanon |
| Streaked Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill |
| Ashey Bulbul |
Frasier's Hill |
| Black Bulbul |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| White-headed Bulbul |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| White-chested Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Buff-breasted Babbler |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Puff-throated Babbler |
common in suitable areas |
| Black-capped Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Moustached Babbler |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Taman Negara |
| Scaly-crowned Babbler |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Rufous-crowned Babbler |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| White-browed Scimitar Babbler |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler |
Doi Chiang Dao & Doi Ang Khang |
| Striped Wren Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Large Wren Babbler |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Taman Negara |
| Streaked Wren Babbler |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Eye-browed Wren Babbler |
Doi Inthanon |
| Pygmy Wren Babbler |
Doi Inthanon |
| Rufous-fronted Babbler |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Golden Babbler |
Frasier's Hill |
| Grey-throated Babbler |
Frasier's Hill |
| Grey-headed Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Spot-necked Babbler |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Black-throated Babbler |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Chestnut-rumped Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Chestnut-winged Babbler |
Taman Negara |
| Striped Tit Babbler |
common |
| Chestnut-capped Babbler |
Doi Ang Khanga |
| White-crested Laughingthrush |
common |
| Greater-necklaced Laughingthrush |
Kaeng Krachan & Doi Chiang Dao |
| Black Laughingthrush |
Frasier's Hill |
| White-necked Laughingthrush |
Doi Inthanon |
| Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush |
Frasier's Hill |
| White-browed Laughingthrush |
Doi Ang Khang |
| Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush |
Frasier's Hill |
| Red-faced Liocichla |
Doi Ang Khang |
| White-browed Shrike Babbler |
Frasier's Hill & Doi Inthanon |
| Black-eared Shrike Babbler |
Frasier's Hill |
| White-hooded Babbler |
Frasier's Hill |
| Specktacled Barwing |
Doi Ang Khang |
| Blue-winged Minla |
common in suitable areas |
| Silver-eared Mesia |
common |
| Grey-cheeked Fulvetta |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Brown-cheeked Fulvetta |
Doi Inthanon |
| Rufous-winged Fulvetta |
common in suitable areas |
| Brown Fulvetta |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Black-browed Fulvetta |
Hala Bala |
| Mountain Fulvetta |
Frasier's Hill |
| Dark-backed Sibia |
Doi Inthanon |
| Long-tailed Sibia |
Frasier's Hill |
| Siberian Blue Robin |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| White-browed Shortwing |
Doi Inthanon |
| Lesser Shortwing |
Doi Inthanon |
| White-rumped Shama |
common |
| White-tailed Blue Robin |
Doi Inthanon |
| Magpie Robin |
common |
| Slaty-backed Forktail |
common in suitable areas |
| White-crowned Forktail |
Taman Negara |
| Chestnut-naped Forktail |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Green Cochoa |
Doi Inthanon |
| Stonechat |
common in suitable areas |
| Dark-grey Bushchat |
common in suitable areas |
| Pied Bushchat |
common |
| Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Blue Whistling Thrush |
Krabi |
| Orange-headed Thrush |
common in suitable areas |
| Siberian Thrush |
Doi Inthanon |
| Eye-browed Thrush |
Frasier's Hill |
| Straited Grassbird |
common in suitable areas |
| Mountain Tailorbird |
Frasier's Hill |
| Commn Tailorbird |
common |
| Dark-necked Tailorbird |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Ashey Tailorbird |
Kuala Selanagor |
| Grey-breasted Prinia |
common in suitable areas |
| Tawny-flanked Prinia |
Ta Don |
| Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Hill Prinia |
Doi Inthanon |
| Clamorous Reed Warbler |
common in suitable areas |
| Chestnut-crowned Warbler |
common in suitable areas |
| Eastern-crowned leaf Warbler |
common in suitable areas |
| Yellow-browed Warbler |
common |
| Sulphur-breasted Warbler |
common in suitable areas |
| Mountain leaf Warbler |
Frasier's Hill |
| Grey-headed Flycatcher Warbler |
common |
| Dark-sided Flycatcher |
Frasier's Hill |
| Asain Brown Flycatcher |
common |
| Ferruginous Flycatcher |
Doi Inthanon |
| Red-throated Flycatcher |
common |
| Little Pied Flycatcher |
Frasier's Hill |
| Mugimaki Flycatcher |
Frasier's Hill |
| Rufous-gorgetted Flycatcher |
Doi Inthanon |
| White-gorgetted Flycatcher |
Doi Inthanon |
| Rufous-browed Flycatcher |
Frasier's Hill |
| Verditer |
common |
| Pygmy Blue Flycatcher |
Frasier's Hill |
| Blue-throated Flycatcher |
common in suitable areas |
| Tickell's Blue Flycatcher |
common |
| Small Niltava |
Doi Inthanon |
| Rufous-bellied Niltava |
common in suitable areas |
| Vivid Niltava |
Doi Inthanon |
| Large Niltava |
common in suitable areas |
| Black-naped Monarch |
common |
| Grey-headed Flycatcher |
common |
| White-throated Fantail |
Frasier's Hill |
| Spotted Fantail |
Taman Negara |
| Rufous-winged Philentoma |
Taman Negara |
| Asian Paradise Flycatcher |
common in suitable areas |
| Grey-headed Parrotbill |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Great Tit |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Yellow-cheeked Tit |
Doi Inthanon |
| Sultan Tit |
Frasier's Hill |
| Chestnut-vented Nuthatch |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch |
Doi Inthanon |
| Velvet-fronted Nuthatch |
Frasier's Hill |
| Blue Nuthatch |
Frasier's Hill |
| Giant Nuthatch |
Doi Chiang Dao |
| Brown-throated Treecreeper |
Doi Inthanon |
| Brown-throated Sunbird |
Taman Negara |
| Purple-naped Sunbird |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram & Taman Negara |
| Olive-backed Sunbird |
Doi Inthanon |
| Mrs Gould's Sunbird |
Doi Inthanon |
| Green-tailed Sunbird |
|
| Black-throated Sunbird |
common in suitable areas |
| Temmink's Sunbird |
Taman Negara |
| Little Spiderhunter |
Taman Negara |
| Long-billed Spiderhunter |
Khao Bantlad |
| Spectacled Spiderhunter |
Frasier's Hill |
| Yellow-eared Spiderhunter |
Khao Bantlad |
| Grey-breasted Spiderhunter |
Taman Negara |
| Streaked Spiderhunter |
Frasier's Hill |
| Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker |
Taman Negara |
| Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker |
Taman Negara |
| Yellow-vented Flowerpecker |
Hala Bala |
| Orange-bellied Flowerpecker |
|
| Oriental White-eye |
common |
| Chestnut-flanked White-eye |
Doi Inthanon |
| Japanese White-eye |
Doi Inthanon |
| Everett's White-eye |
Taman Negara |
| Slaty-bellied Tesia |
Doi Inthanon |
| Black Drongo |
common |
| Ashey Drongo |
common |
| Bronzed Drongo |
common in suitable areas |
| Spangled Drongo |
common in suitable areas |
| Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo |
common |
| Greater Racket-tailed Drongo |
common |
| Dark-throated Oriole |
Taman Negara & Hala Bala |
| Black-naped Oriole |
common in suitable areas |
| Black and Crimson Oriole |
Frasier's Hill |
| Maroon Oriole |
Doi Inthanon |
| Silver Oriole |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Asian Fairy Bluebird |
common |
| Tiger Shrike |
Hala Bala |
| Brown Shrike |
common |
| Burmese Shrike |
common in suitable areas |
| Grey-backed Shrike |
common in suitable areas |
| Long-tailed Shrike |
common in suitable areas |
| Black Magpie |
Khao Pra-Bang Khram |
| Green Magpie |
common in suitable areas |
| Grey Treepie |
common in suitable areas |
| Himalayan Treepie |
common in suitable areas |
| Racket-tailed Treepie |
Kaeng Krachan |
| Crested Jay |
Taman Negara |
| Large-billed Crow |
common |
| Ashey Wood Swallow |
common |
| Common Myna |
common |
| Jungle Myna |
common |
| White-vented Myna |
common |
| Hill Myna |
common in suitable areas |
| Aaian Glossy Starling |
common in suitable areas |
| Chestnut-tailed Starling |
common in suitable areas |
| Chestnut-cheeked Starling |
Melucca |
| Black-collared Starling |
common in suitable areas |
| Aaian Pied Starling |
common in suitable areas |
| White-rumped Munia |
Frasier's Hill |
| Scaly-breasted Munia |
Kuala Selanagor |
| White-bellied Munia |
? |
| Black-headed Munia |
Hala Bala |
| White-headed Munia |
Hala Bala |
| Tree Sparrow |
common |
| Russet Sparrow |
common in suitable areas |
